NCERT Book for Class 11 Mathematics

Class 11 Mathematics

Class 11 Maths Chapter 1 Sets

This chapter discusses the concept of Sets along with their representation. The topics included in the chapter are Empty set, Finite and Infinite sets, Equal sets, Subsets, Power set and Universal set. The chapter also helps students learn to draw Venn diagrams as well as to get familiar with the concepts of Union and Intersection of sets. The Difference of sets and Complement of a set, along with its properties are also covered in this chapter. There are 6 exercises along with a miscellaneous exercise in the chapter, providing a sufficient number of questions to the students to solve and in turn, understand the concept.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 2 Relations & Functions

In this chapter, students taught about the concepts of Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets, the number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets, the definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Along with the topic of relation, students get to learn about the topic of functions as well. Function as a special type of relation, pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function, real-valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions with their graphs are the few topics that come under the concept of Functions. Students will learn to link pairs of objects from two sets and then introduce relations between the two objects in the pair. And then, they will learn about special relations which will qualify to be functions. There are 3 exercises along with a miscellaneous exercise present in the chapter which covers the topics mentioned above.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions

The chapter discusses positive and negative angles, method of measuring angles in radians as well as in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. The chapter also deals with the definition of Trigonometric Functions with the help of unit circle, general solution of trigonometric equations, signs, domain and range of Trigonometric Functions and their graphs. The chapter helps the students in learning the process of expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy along with their simple applications and deducing the identities, related to sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x, sin 3x, cos 3x and tan 3x. The problems in 4 exercises, along with a miscellaneous exercise, present in the chapter cover all the topics mentioned above.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction

The chapter, Principle of Mathematical Induction, covers a number of topics that includes the process of proving the induction and motivating the application by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. Problems related to the Principle of Mathematical Induction, along with its simple applications are covered in the exercise given in the chapter.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

The chapter discusses, in detail, about the need for complex numbers, especially √−1, to be motivated by the inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. The chapter also enables the students to learn about the algebraic properties of complex numbers, argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of the fundamental theorem of algebra, solutions of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system and the square root of a complex number are also among the topics discussed in the chapter. There are 3 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise in this chapter that covers these topics.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

The chapter Linear Inequalities, as the name suggests, deals with the concept of Linear Inequalities. The concepts of algebraic solutions of Linear Inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line, graphical representation of Linear Inequalities in two variables as well as the graphical method of finding a solution of the system of Linear Inequalities in two variables are also covered in this chapter. A total of 3 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise is present in this chapter which includes all the topics covered in the chapter.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

A permutation is an arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order taken at a time whereas Combination is a collection of the objects where the order doesn’t matter. The chapter discusses everything about the Fundamental principle of counting, factorial n. (n!), permutations, combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections along with simple applications. A total of 4 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise that includes questions covering all the topics present in the chapter.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

In this chapter, students study about Binomial Theorem for positive integers. This theorem can be used to solve complex calculations that are difficult to solve using repeated multiplication. The chapter discusses the history, statement and proof of the Binomial Theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal’s triangle, general and middle term in the binomial expansion and their simple applications are some topics that are explained, in detail, in this chapter. 2 exercises along with a miscellaneous exercise are present in the chapter to help students practise problems related to Binomial Theorem.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 9 Sequences and Series

A sequence is an ordered list of numbers. The sum of all the terms of a sequence is a series. The chapter discusses the following topics which include Sequence and Series, Arithmetic Progression (A. P.), Arithmetic Mean (A.M.), Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., the sum of first n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), the relation between A.M. and G.M, formulae for the special series sums and more. There are 4 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise present in the chapter that helps the students in understanding the concepts given in the chapter by solving the questions in it.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 10 Straight Lines

The chapter helps students recall two-dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin, the slope of a line and angle between two lines, various forms of equations of a line including the ones parallel to the axis, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form, and normal form are some of the topics that are being discussed in the chapter. Other concepts that the chapter covers are the general equation of a line, equation of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines, the distance of a point from a line and more. There are 3 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise provided in the chapter to help the students solve and practise questions related to the chapter.

Class 11 Maths Chapter 11 Conic Sections

This chapter discusses the concept of Conic Sections in detail. In Maths, a conic section is a curve obtained as the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane. The topics covered include the sections of a cone, namely, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerate case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola are also present in the chapter. There are 4 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise in this chapter, solving which the students learn the topics mentioned above.

Chapter 12 Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

A point in space has three coordinates. In this chapter, students of Class 11 shall learn the basic concepts of geometry in three-dimensional space. The chapter discusses the concept of coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions, coordinates of a point, distance between two points and section formula, in detail. There are 3 exercises in the chapter to help students solve and understand the concept in a better way. A miscellaneous exercise is also present at the end of the chapter that contains additional questions which cover all the topics in the chapter.

Chapter 13 Limits and Derivatives

The chapter, Limits and Derivatives, provides an introduction to Calculus. Calculus is a branch of Maths dealing with the study of change in the value of a function as the points in the domain change. In this chapter, initially, students gain an intuitive idea of derivative (without actually defining it). Later, the chapter provides a simple definition of a limit and some algebra of limits. Finally, the chapter returns to a description of derivative and some algebra of derivatives. There are 2 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise that covers all the topics in the chapter.

Chapter 14 Mathematical Reasoning

This chapter discusses some basic ideas of Mathematical Reasoning, especially in the context of Mathematics. Students, by now, must have already learnt inductive reasoning in the context of Mathematical Induction. In this chapter, some fundamentals of deductive reasoning are covered. The topics present in the chapter include mathematically acceptable statements, connecting words/ phrases – consolidating the understanding of “if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition”, “implies”, “and/or”, “implied by”, “and”, “or”, “there exists”, validating the statements involving the connecting words, and more. 5 exercises and a miscellaneous exercise are present in the chapter to help the students in understanding the concept of Mathematical Reasoning thoroughly.

Chapter 15 Statistics

We know that statistics deals with data collected for specific purposes. In this chapter, we shall learn some of the important measures of dispersion and their methods of calculation for ungrouped and grouped data. The topics that students learn in the chapter include measures of dispersion, range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data and analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances. Students can learn more about the chapter by solving the problems given in 3 exercises along with an additional exercise in the chapter.

Chapter 16 Probability

The chapter discusses the concept of probability as a measure of uncertainty of various phenomena or simply, chances of occurrence of an event. In this chapter, students will learn the concepts such as random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation) and Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other theories studied in earlier classes. Probability of an event, the probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events are also covered in the chapter. To understand the concept of probability properly, students can solve the 3 exercises along with the miscellaneous exercise.

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